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% Selection : Author: Judith_Klein
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@InProceedings{Bredenkamp_et_al:1999,
      AUTHOR = {Bredenkamp, Andrew and Klein, Judith and Crysmann, Berthold},
      TITLE = {Annotation of Error Types for a German News Corpus},
      YEAR = {1999},
      BOOKTITLE = {ATALA sur les Corpus Annotés pour la Syntaxe Treebanks, June 18-19},
      ADDRESS = {Paris, France},
      URL = {http://flag.dfki.de/pdf/ErrAnnot.pdf},
      ABSTRACT = {This paper will discuss the corpus annotation effort in the FLAG project and its application for assisting in the development of controlled language and grammar checking applications. The main aim of theGerman government funded FLAGproject1 is to develop technologies for controlled language (CL) and grammar checking applications for German. The project work has therefore been divided into two separate but complementary streams of activity. Firstly, the aim was to develop an modular NLP software architecture for quickly developing different kinds of CL and grammar checking applications. Secondly, to validate the first activity, it was seen as important to build up an empirical base for testing and formally evaluating checking components. Given the lack of existing annotated corpora of errors for German (or indeed for any language as far as the authors know), the construction of such a corpus was a high priority task. This would enable us not only to perform quantitative tests, but also to derive an empirically based typology of errors which the project could use for orientation. The corpus was particularly important given the approach which the FLAG project was taking to the task of grammar and controlled language checking, which relies on a phenomenonoriented approach to the problem of identifying errors, using shallow processing techniques. In order to finetune the heuristics which are central to such an approach, i.e. one based on identifying “candidate errors” of increasing probability, it is essential to have good test suites annotated with respect to the phenomena under investigation. The annotation of the corpus was to be carried out in such a way that we could easily access and quantify snapshots of the data, for producing test suites for testing purposes and for producing statistics on the frequency of particular error types. The research community not only lacked an annotated corpus of errors, there was no existing ontology of errors which could be easily translated into an annotation schema. The definition of such a schema based on traditional descriptions of errors (such as Luik, 1993a; Luik, 1993b) thus formed the first major workpackage. Fortunately, tools for the annotation of corpora, and the management thereof are becoming increasingly sophisticated; it was therefore necessary to evaluate a number of tools in the light of our specific needs.},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Bredenkamp:1999:AET.pdf}
}

@InProceedings{Busemann_et_al:1997,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan and Declerck, Thierry and Diagne, Abdel Kader and Dini, Luca and Klein, Judith and Schmeier, Sven},
      TITLE = {Natural Language Dialogue Service for Appointment Scheduling Agents},
      YEAR = {1997},
      BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 5th Conference on Applied Natural Language Processing (ANLP'97), March 31 - April 3},
      PAGES = {25-32},
      EDITOR = {Jacobs, Paul},
      ADDRESS = {Washington D. C., USA},
      PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
      URL = {ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/anlp97-cosma.ps.gz ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/anlp97-cosma.entry http://arXiv.org/abs/cmp-lg/9702007},
      ABSTRACT = {Appointment scheduling is a problem faced daily by many people and organizations. Cooperating agent systems have been developed to automate this task partially. In order to extend the circle of participants as far as possible we advocate for the use of natural language transmitted by email. We describe Cosma, a fully implemented German language server for existing appointment scheduling agent systems. Cosma can cope with multiple dialogues in parallel, and accounts for differences in dialogue behaviour between human and machine agents. NL coverage of the sublanguage is achieved through both corpus-based grammar development and the use of message extraction techniques.},
      NOTE = {HU},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Busemann:1997:NLDa.pdf Busemann:1997:NLDa.ps}
}

@TechReport{Busemann_et_al:1997_1,
      AUTHOR = {Busemann, Stephan and Declerck, Thierry and Diagne, Abdel Kader and Dini, Luca and Klein, Judith and Schmeier, Sven},
      TITLE = {Natural Language Dialogue Service for Appointment Scheduling Agents},
      YEAR = {1997},
      NUMBER = {RR-97-02},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken},
      TYPE = {Research Report},
      INSTITUTION = {DFKI},
      URL = {ftp://ftp.dfki.uni-kl.de/pub/Publications/ResearchReports/1997/RR-97-02.ps.gz},
      ABSTRACT = {Appointment scheduling is a problem faced daily by many people and organizations. Cooperating agent systems have been developed to automate this task partially. In order to extend the circle of participants as far as possible we advocate for the use of natural language transmitted by email. We describe Cosma, a fully implemented German language server for existing appointment scheduling agent systems. Cosma can cope with multiple dialogues in parallel, and accounts for differences in dialogue behaviour between human and machine agents. NL coverage of the sublanguage is achieved through both corpus-based grammar development and the use of message extraction techniques.},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Busemann:1997:NLDb.pdf Busemann:1997:NLDb.ps}
}

@InProceedings{Declerck_Klein:1997,
      AUTHOR = {Declerck, Thierry and Klein, Judith},
      TITLE = {Ein Email-Korpus zur Entwicklung und Evaluierung der Analysekomponente eines Terminvereinbarungssystems},
      YEAR = {1997},
      BOOKTITLE = {6. Fachtagung der Sektion Computerlinguistik der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Sprachwissenschaft (DGfS/CL 97): Integrative Ansätze in der Computerlinguistik, 08.-10. Oktober},
      ADDRESS = {Heidelberg, Germany},
      URL = {ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/klein97_dgfs.ps.gz ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/klein97_dgfs.entry},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Declerck:1997:EKE.pdf Declerck:1997:EKE.ps}
}

@InProceedings{Declerck_Klein:1997_1,
      AUTHOR = {Declerck, Thierry and Klein, Judith},
      TITLE = {Semantic Tagging and NLP Applications},
      YEAR = {1997},
      BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the SIGLEX Workshop: Tagging Text with Lexical Semantics, April 4-5},
      ADDRESS = {Washington D. C., USA}
}

@InProceedings{Declerck_et_al:1998,
      AUTHOR = {Declerck, Thierry and Klein, Judith and Neumann, Günter},
      TITLE = {Evaluation of the NLP Components of an Information Extraction System for German},
      YEAR = {1998},
      BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'98), May 28-30},
      VOLUME = {1},
      PAGES = {293-297},
      EDITOR = {Rubio, Antonio and Gallardo, Natividad and Castro, Rosa and Tejada, Antonio},
      ADDRESS = {Granada, Spain},
      URL = {ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/lrec-conf98.ps.gz ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/lrec-conf98.entry},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Declerck:1998:ENC.pdf Declerck:1998:ENC.ps}
}

@InProceedings{Klein_et_al:1997,
      AUTHOR = {Klein, Judith and Busemann, Stephan and Declerck, Thierry},
      TITLE = {Diagnostic Evaluation of Shallow Parsing Through an Annotated Reference Corpus},
      YEAR = {1997},
      BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Workshop on Evaluation in Speech and Language Technology (SALT) on Evaluation in Speech and Language Technology, June 17-18},
      PAGES = {121-128},
      ADDRESS = {University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK},
      URL = {ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/declerck97_salt.ps.gz ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/declerck97_salt.ps.gz},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Klein:1997:DES.pdf Klein:1997:DES.ps}
}

@InProceedings{Klein_Declerck:1998,
      AUTHOR = {Klein, Judith and Declerck, Thierry},
      TITLE = {Annotating German Language Data for Shallow Processing},
      YEAR = {1998},
      BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 10th European Summer School in Logic, Language and Information (ESSLLI '98), August 17-28},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken, Germany},
      URL = {ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/esslli98_klein.ps.gz ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/esslli98_klein.entry},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Klein:1998:AGL.pdf Klein:1998:AGL.ps}
}

@InProceedings{Klein_et_al:1998,
      AUTHOR = {Klein, Judith and Declerck, Thierry and Neumann, Günter},
      TITLE = {Evaluation of the Syntactic Analysis Component of an Information Extraction System for German},
      YEAR = {1998},
      BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC '98). Workshop on Evaluation of Parsing Systems, May 28-30},
      ADDRESS = {Granada, Spain},
      URL = {ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/lrec-ws98.ps.gz ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/lrec-ws98.entry},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Klein:1998:ESA.pdf Klein:1998:ESA.ps}
}

@TechReport{Klein_Dickmann:1992,
      AUTHOR = {Klein, Judith and Dickmann, Ludwig},
      TITLE = {DiTo-Datenbank. Dokumentation zu Verbrektion und Koordination},
      YEAR = {1992},
      NUMBER = {D-92-04},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken},
      TYPE = {DFKI Document},
      INSTITUTION = {DFKI}
}

@InProceedings{Klein_et_al:1992,
      AUTHOR = {Klein, Judith and Dickmann, Ludwig and Diagne, Abdel Kader and Nerbonne, John and Netter, Klaus},
      TITLE = {DiTo - Ein Diagnostikwerkzeug für die deutsche Syntax},
      YEAR = {1992},
      BOOKTITLE = {1. Konferenz Verarbeitung natürlicher Sprache (KONVENS '92), 7.-9. Oktober},
      PAGES = {380-384},
      EDITOR = {Görz, Günther},
      SERIES = {Informatik Aktuell},
      ADDRESS = {Nürnberg, Germany},
      PUBLISHER = {Springer Verlag}
}

@InProceedings{Klein_et_al:1992_1,
      AUTHOR = {Klein, Judith and Dickmann, Ludwig and Diagne, Abdel Kader and Nerbonne, John and Netter, Klaus},
      TITLE = {DiTo - Ein Diagnostik-Werkzeug für die syntaktische Analyse},
      YEAR = {1992},
      BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 1. Konferenz Verarbeitung natürlicher Sprache (KONVENS'92), 7.-9. Oktober},
      PAGES = {380-384},
      EDITOR = {Görz, Günther},
      SERIES = {Informatik Aktuell},
      ADDRESS = {Nürnberg, Germany},
      PUBLISHER = {Springer Verlag},
      URL = {http://www.dfki.de/dfkibib/publications/docs/Klein_1992_DEDDS.pdf},
      ABSTRACT = {In this paper we present a testing tool for the diagnosis of errors in NLP Systems. We discuss briefly the relevance of testing tools for NLP Systems and advocate the idea of modular testing tools. liere we present an approach for the syntax component of NLP Systems. Our diagnostic tool for German syntax is an effort to construct a catalogue of syntactic data exemplifying the major syntactic patterns of German that Supports the diagnosis of errors. Up to now, the catalogue contains the areas verbal government, coordination and - although not yet completed - fixed verbal structures.We cooperate with other groups2 that work on further syntactic phenomena according to the ideas of DiTo. To allow systematic testing of specific areas of syntax the data are organised into a relational database.},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Klein:1992:DDWa.pdf}
}

@InProceedings{Klein_et_al:1993,
      AUTHOR = {Klein, Judith and Dickmann, Ludwig and Diagne, Abdel Kader and Nerbonne, John and Netter, Klaus},
      TITLE = {A Diagnostic Tool for German Syntax},
      YEAR = {1993},
      BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the DFKI Workshop on Natural Language Systems: Re-Usability and Modularity, October 23},
      NUMBER = {D-93-03},
      EDITOR = {Busemann, Stephan and Harbusch, Karin},
      SERIES = {DFKI Document},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken, Germany},
      PUBLISHER = {DFKI},
      URL = {http://www.dfki.de/dfkibib/publications/docs/Busemann_1992_DWNLSRM.pdf},
      ABSTRACT = {In this paper we describe an effort to construct a catalogue of syntactic data, exemplifying the major syntactic patterns of German. The purpose of the corpus is to support the diagnosis of errors in the syntactic components of natural language processing (NLP) systems. Two secondary aims are the evaluation of NLP systems components and the support of theoretical and empirical work on German syntax. The data consist of artificially and systematically constructed expressions, including also negative (ungrammatical) examples. The data are organized into a relational data base and annotated with some basic information about the phenomena illustrated and the internal structure of the sample sentences. The organization of the data supports selected systematic testing of specific areas of syntax, but also serves the purpose of a linguistic data base. The paper first gives some general motivation for the necessity of syntactic precision in some areas of NLP and discusses the potential contribution of a syntactic data base to the field of component evaluation. The second part of the paper describes the set up and control methods applied in the construction of the sentence suite and annotations to the examples. We illustrate the approach with the example of verbal government. The section also contains a description of the abstract data model, the design of the data base and the query language used to access the data. The final sections compare our work to existing approaches and sketch some future extensions. We invite other research groups to participate in our effort, so that the diagnostics tool can eventually become public domain.},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Klein:1993:DTG.pdf}
}

@InProceedings{Klein_et_al:1998_1,
      AUTHOR = {Klein, Judith and Lehmann, Sabine and Netter, Klaus and Wegst, Tillmann},
      TITLE = {DiET in the Context of MT Evaluation},
      YEAR = {1998},
      BOOKTITLE = {Evaluation of the Linguistic Performance of Machine Translation Systems. Proceedings of the KONVENS '98 Workshop in Bonn, October 5-7},
      PAGES = {107-126},
      EDITOR = {Nübel, R. and Seewald-Heeg, U.},
      ADDRESS = {Universität Bonn},
      PUBLISHER = {Gardez!-Verlag},
      URL = {ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/diet-konvens98.ps.gz ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/diet-konvens98.entry ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/diet-konvens98.pdf},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Klein:1998:DCM.pdf Klein:1998:DCM.ps}
}

@InProceedings{Klein_Netter:1992,
      AUTHOR = {Klein, Judith and Netter, Klaus},
      TITLE = {DiTo - Ein Diagnostik-Werkzeug für die syntaktische Analyse},
      YEAR = {1992},
      BOOKTITLE = {23. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Angewandte Linguistik (GAL), 1. Oktober},
      EDITOR = {Raasch, A.},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken, Germany},
      URL = {http://www.dfki.de/dfkibib/publications/docs/Klein_1992_DDWSA.pdf},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Klein:1992:DDW.pdf}
}

@InProceedings{Lehmann_et_al:1996_1,
      AUTHOR = {Lehmann, Sabine and Oepen, Stefan and Regnier-Prost, Sylvie and Netter, Klaus and Lux, Veronika and Klein, Judith and Falkedal, Kirsten and Fouvry, Frederik and Estival, Dominique and Dauphin, Eva and Compagnion, Hervé and Baur, Judith and Balkan, Lorna and Arnold, Doug},
      TITLE = {TSNLP - Test Suites for Natural Language Processing},
      YEAR = {1996},
      BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING '96), August 5-9},
      PAGES = {711-716},
      ADDRESS = {Copenhagen, Danmark},
      URL = {ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/tsnlp-coling96.ps.gz ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/tsnlp-coling96.entry},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Lehmann:1996:TTS.pdf Lehmann:1996:TTS.ps}
}

@InCollection{Nerbonne_et_al:1991_3,
      AUTHOR = {Nerbonne, John and Netter, Klaus and Diagne, Abdel Kader and Dickmann, Ludwig and Klein, Judith},
      TITLE = {A Diagnostic Tool for German Syntax},
      YEAR = {1991},
      BOOKTITLE = {Natural Language Processing Systems Workshop: Final Technical Report RL-TR-91-362},
      PAGES = {79-96},
      EDITOR = {Neal, J. G. and Walter, Stefan},
      ADDRESS = {New York},
      PUBLISHER = {Rome Laboratory}
}

@TechReport{Nerbonne_et_al:1991_4,
      AUTHOR = {Nerbonne, John and Netter, Klaus and Diagne, Abdel Kader and Dickmann, Ludwig and Klein, Judith},
      TITLE = {A Diagnostic Tool for German Syntax},
      YEAR = {1991},
      NUMBER = {RR-91-18},
      ADDRESS = {Saarbrücken},
      TYPE = {Research Report},
      INSTITUTION = {DFKI},
      URL = {ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/RR-91-18.dvi.Z ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/RR-91-18.entry ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/RR-91-18.ps.Z},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Nerbonne:1991:DTGb.pdf}
}

@Article{Nerbonne_et_al:1993_1,
      AUTHOR = {Nerbonne, John and Netter, Klaus and Diagne, Abdel Kader and Dickmann, Ludwig and Klein, Judith},
      TITLE = {A Diagnostic Tool for German Syntax},
      YEAR = {1993},
      JOURNAL = {Machine Translation},
      VOLUME = {8},
      PAGES = {85-107}
}

@InProceedings{Netter_et_al:1998,
      AUTHOR = {Netter, Klaus and Armstrong, Susan and Kiss, Tibor and Klein, Judith and Lehmann, Sabine and Milward, David and Regnier-Prost, Sylvie and Schäler, Reinhard and Wegst, Tillmann},
      TITLE = {DiET - Diagnostic and Evaluation Tools for Natural Language Application},
      YEAR = {1998},
      BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, May 28-30},
      PAGES = {573-579},
      ADDRESS = {Granada, Spain},
      URL = {ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/granada-diet.ps.gz ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/granada-diet.entry},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Netter:1998:DDE.pdf Netter:1998:DDE.ps}
}

@InCollection{Oepen_et_al:1998,
      AUTHOR = {Oepen, Stefan and Netter, Klaus and Klein, Judith},
      TITLE = {TSNLP - Test Suites for Natural Language Processing},
      YEAR = {1998},
      BOOKTITLE = {Linguistic Databases},
      VOLUME = {77},
      PAGES = {13-36},
      EDITOR = {Nerbonne, John},
      SERIES = {CSLI Lecture Notes},
      ADDRESS = {Stanford},
      PUBLISHER = {CSLI Publications},
      URL = {ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/ling-db98.ps.gz ftp://lt-ftp.dfki.uni-sb.de/pub/papers/local/ling-db98.entry},
      ANNOTE = {COLIURL : Oepen:1998:TTS.pdf Oepen:1998:TTS.ps}
}